#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include<ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
 
template <typename num_t>
using ordered_set = tree<num_t,null_type,less<num_t>,rb_tree_tag,tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
 
const int DEBUGGER = 0;
 
#define io                          ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(NULL)
#define mset(a,v)                   memset(a,v,sizeof(a))
#define lp(i,a,n)                   for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
#define lpr(i,a,n)                  for(int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
#define stlp(it,stl)                for(__typeof(stl.begin()) it=stl.begin();it!=stl.end();it++)
#define stlpr(it,stl)               for(__typeof(stl.rbegin()) it=stl.rbegin();it!=stl.rend();it++)
#define r(a)                        a.begin(),a.end()
#define II                          ({ ll TEMP; cin>>TEMP; TEMP; })
#define SI                          ({ string TEMP; cin>>TEMP; TEMP; })
#define AI(a)                       ({ int n=sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]); lp(I,0,n)a[I]=II; })
#define AO(a)                       ({ int n=sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]); lp(I,0,n){cout<<(I?" ":"")<<a[I];} if(DEBUGGER)cout<<endl;else cout<<'\n'; })
#define VI(v)                       ({ lp(I,0,v.size())v[I]=II; })
#define VO(v)                       ({ lp(I,0,v.size()){cout<<(I?" ":"")<<v[I];} if(DEBUGGER)cout<<endl;else cout<<'\n'; })
#define outa(a)                     ({ if(DEBUGGER)dbg(a); else cout<<a<<'\n'; })
#define dbg(a)                      ({ if(DEBUGGER)cout<<#a<<" = "<<a<<endl; })
#define cbit(n,p)                   ((n)&(1LL<<(p)))
#define sbit(n,p)                   ((n)|(1LL<<(p)))
#define tbit(n,p)                   ((n)^(1LL<<(p)))
#define F                           first
#define S                           second
 
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll,ll> pll;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
 
const ll MAX = 5e5+5;
const ll MOD = 1e9+7;
const ll INF = 9e18;
const double PI = 3.141592653589793238462;
ll addM(ll a,ll b){return (a+=b)>=MOD?(a-=MOD):a;}
ll subM(ll a,ll b){return (a-=b)<0?(a+=MOD):a;}
 
ll n,a[MAX];
pll trN[4*MAX];
 
void combine(pll &trP,pll &trL,pll &trR){
    trP={max(trL.F,trR.F),min(trL.S,trR.S)};
}
 
void init(int n,int l,int r){
    if(l==r) return void(trN[n]={a[l],a[l]});
    int m=(l+r)/2;
    init(2*n,l,m);
    init(2*n+1,m+1,r);
    combine(trN[n],trN[2*n],trN[2*n+1]);
}
 
ll query(int n,int l,int r,int i,int j,int c,int d,ll val){
    if(j<i)          return 0;
    if(j<l || r<i)   return -1;
    if(i<=l && r<=j){
        if(trN[n].S>val && c==0)return r-l+1;
        if(trN[n].F<val && c==1)return r-l+1;
        if(l==r)                return 0;
    }
    int m=(l+r)/2;
    ll trQL=0,trQR=0;
    if(d==0){
        trQR=query(2*n+1,m+1,r,i,j,c,d,val);
        if(trQR==min(r,j)-max((m+1),i)+1 || trQR==-1)
            trQL=query(2*n,l,m,i,j,c,d,val);
    }
    else{
        trQL=query(2*n,l,m,i,j,c,d,val);
        if(trQL==min(m,j)-max(l,i)+1 || trQL==-1)
            trQR=query(2*n+1,m+1,r,i,j,c,d,val);
    }
    trQL=max(trQL,0LL);
    trQR=max(trQR,0LL);
    return trQL+trQR;
}
 
void solve(){
    n=II;
    lp(i,1,n+1)a[i]=II;
    init(1,1,n);
    ll ans=0;
    lp(i,1,n+1){
        ll minleftsz=query(1,1,n,1,i-1,0,0,a[i]);
        ll minrightsz=query(1,1,n,i+1,n,0,1,a[i]);
 
        ll maxleftsz=query(1,1,n,1,i-1,1,0,a[i]);
        ll maxrightsz=query(1,1,n,i+1,n,1,1,a[i]);
 
        ll minsubarrsz=(minleftsz+1)*(minrightsz+1)-1;
        if(minsubarrsz&1)ans^=a[i];
 
        ll maxsubarrsz=(maxleftsz+1)*(maxrightsz+1)-1;
        if(maxsubarrsz&1)ans^=a[i];
        dbg(minleftsz<<' '<<minrightsz<<' '<<maxleftsz<<' '<<maxrightsz<<' '<<a[i]);
        dbg(minsubarrsz<<' '<<maxsubarrsz);
    }
    outa(ans);
}
 
int main(void){
    io;
    int multipletest=0;
    if(multipletest){
        int tc;
        cin>>tc;
        while(tc--)
            solve();
    }
    else
        solve();
    return 0;
}